Notes of “Chemistry XI” for FSc Part 1 published by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. These notes are old and very helpful to prepare Chemistry paper of FSc Part 1 for Federal Board, Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Board or any other board of Punjab, Pakistan.
Chapter 01: Basic Concepts
Chemistry, a branch of physical science, is the study of the composition, properties and behavior of matter. Chemistry is concerned with atoms and their interactions with other atoms, and particularly with the properties of chemical bonds.
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Chapter 03: Gases
Matter exists in four states i.e. solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The simplest form of matter is the gaseous state and most of the matter around us is in the solid state …
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Chapter 05: Atomic structure
we are familiar with the nature of matter, which is made up of extremly small particles called atoms. According to Dalton's theory, atoms were considered to b the ultimate particles which could not be divided any furthur …
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Chapter 06: Chemical Bonding
A chemical bond is the force which hold together two or more atoms or ions to form a large variety of compounds. The forces which are resposible for such bonding and the shape of the molecules formed are as a result of chemical combination …
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Chapter 07: Thermochemistry
It is matter of common observation that energy in the form of heat, either evolved or absorbed as a result of chemical change. This is mostly due to the breaking of bonds in reactions and formation of new bonds in the product …
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Chapter 09: Solutions
Every sample of matter with uniform properties and a fixed composition is called a phase e.g. water at room temperature and normal pressure exists as a single liquid phase, that is, all the properties of water are uniform throughout the liquid phase …
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