Notes of “Hybridization, Bonding” for BSc written by Mr.Muhammad Toufeeq. These notes are very helpful to prepare Chemistry paper of BSc for University of Punjab, Government College University-Lahore(GCU-Lahore), Government College University-Faislabad(GCU-Faislabab), University of Sargodha, BZU Multan and all the other universities of Punjab and Pakistan.

Atomic hybridization is a phenomenon in which different atomic orbitals of different energies merge to produce new orbitals which are identical to each other…

  • Hybridization in Carbon
  • SP3 Hybridization (Methane)
  • Ethane
  • SP2 Hydridization (Ethene)
  • SP Hybridization
  • Hybridization in Berylium
  • 3SP2 Hybridization in Boron
  • Bond Lengths
  • Conalant Redii
  • Ionic charachter of Covalant Bond
  • Inductive Effect
  • Electron withdrawing groups
  • Electron Donating Inductive Effect
  • Strengths of Acids
  • Field Effect
  • Dipole Moment
  • Structure Determination