Notes of Chapter 08: Chemical Equilibrium of “Chemistry XI” for FSc Part 1 published by Punjab Textbook Board, Lahore. These notes are very helpful to prepare Chemistry paper of FSc Part 1 for Federal Board, Multan Board, Faisalabad Board, Sargodha Board, Gujranwala Board, DG Khan Board, Rawalpindi Board or any other board of Punjab, Pakistan.
A chemical reaction k takes place in both directions,i.e. foreard and reverse, but in some cases the tendency of reverse reactions is very small and is negligible …
Reversible and irreversible reactions
State of chemical equilibrium
Law of mass action
Equilibrium constant expressions for some important reactions
Relationship between equilibrium constants
Applications of equilibrium constant
The Le-Chatelier's principle
Applications of chemical equilibrium in industry
Synthesis of Ammonia by Haber's process
Preparation of sulphur trioxide
Ionic product of water
Ionization constants of acids
Ionization constants of basis
Lowry Bronsted acid and base concept
Common ion effect
Buffer solutionsBuffer capacity
Equilibria of slightly soluble ionic compounds
Applications of solubility product