Notes of “Carboxylic Acids” for BSc written by Mr.Muhammad Toufeeq. These notes are very helpful to prepare Chemistry paper of BSc for University of Punjab, Government College University-Lahore(GCU-Lahore), Government College University-Faislabad(GCU-Faislabab), University of Sargodha, BZU Multan and all the other universities of Punjab and Pakistan.

Organic compounds having Carboxylic group are called Crboxylic Acids and they be Monocarboxylic Acids or Dicarboxylic Acids …

• Intoduction
• Nomenclature
• Names of Acid derivatives
• Methods of Preparation
• Carbonation of Grignard reagent
• From Malonic Ester
• Konvenager Reaction
• Physical properties of Carboxylic Acids
• Acidity of Carboxylic Acids
• Effects of subtituents on Acid Strength
• Resonance Effect
• Malonic Ester
• Synthetic Applications of Malonic Ester
• Monoalkylation of Malonic Ester
• Preparation of Dicarboxylic Acid
• Preparation of Acetoacetic Ester
• Reactivity of Acetoacetic Ester
• Acid Cleavage
• Ketone Cleavage
• Reactions of Acetic Acid
• Preparation of Butyric Acid
• Acid Derivatives
• Preparation of Acid Derivatives
• Preparation of Acids Halides
• Preparation of Acid Anhydrides
• Hofmann Bromide Reaction
• PolyAmides
• Exercise

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