Notes of “Aldehydes and Ketones” for BSc written by Mr.Muhammad Toufeeq. These notes are very helpful to prepare Chemistry paper of BSc for University of Punjab, Government College University-Lahore(GCU-Lahore), Government College University-Faislabad(GCU-Faislabab), University of Sargodha, BZU Multan and all the other universities of Punjab and Pakistan.

Aldehydes and ketones are simple compounds which contain a carbonyl group - a carbon-oxygen double bond. …

• Structure and Reactivity
• Chemical Reactivity
• Electronic Factors
• Preparation of Aldehyeds
• Disadvantage
• Rosenmund Reduction
• Frome calcium salts of CarboxylicAcids
• Stearic Factors
• From Grignard Reagent
• Aromatic Aldehyeds
• Riemer Tiemann Reaction
• Gattermann koch reaction
• Preparation of Ketones
• Friedal Craft Acylation
• Hydration of Alkynes
• Dry Distilation of Calcium salts
• From Alkenes
• Pinacol Pinacolon Rearrangment
• Ketones from Acetoacetic Ester
• Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
• Genral Mechanism of Addition Reaction
• Addition of water
• Addition of alcohol
• Addition of Ammonia
• Addition of Sodium Bisulphate
• Haloform Reaction
• Acid Catalyzed Halogenation
• Aldol Condensation
• Cross Aldol Condensation
• Cannizaro`s Reaction
• Benzoin Condensation
• Exercise

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